5 Easy Hacks for Your PC and Wi-Fi Network page3

Zack Stern, PC World
Sep 19, 2008 6:28 am

Add Advanced Features to Your Wireless Router

Difficulty: Moderate

Time: 45 minutes

Your wireless network may be growing, but that doesn't necessarily mean you need to purchase new networking hardware. As your network expands, you can use third-party firmware to add features to your existing wireless router, matching or (in many in­­stances) exceeding the abilities of a new device. With this hack, you can boost antenna power, configure a repeater to blanket a bigger Wi-Fi area, improve your wireless security, isolate Wi-Fi traffic from your wired network, set up a VPN, and much more.

The X-Wrt firmware supports many Asus, Buffalo, Link­sys, and other routers; check the Web site to determine whether yours is listed. (If you don't see yours, search online for "your router model firmware hack," in case a similar hack could work for your device.)

Connect the router directly to your PC, using an ether­net cable, and log in to the router's configuration page. Check for a system settings menu and scan it for a firmware option. Use the buttons there to select the new firmware file and upload it to the router. Don't unplug the router before the update finishes, or you'll risk permanently damaging the hardware. The process can take up to 15 minutes.

After the update is complete and the router restarts, use your browser to reconnect. The X-Wrt interface will replace the default design, prompting you to set a new password. You can now reestablish your wireless connection, but it's best to perform most management tasks through ethernet.

In the updated firmware menus, change your broadcast power by clicking Network, Advanced Wireless Settings, Transmit power. Tune the number upward to reach longer distances or downward to keep the network from spilling over to neighbors' houses. Under Network, QoS, enable the de­­fault quality-of-service settings that give certain peer-to-peer programs less priority, so you'll always have the most possible bandwidth for immediate tasks. Under the Graphs tab, you can see real-time charts that show bandwidth usage and other details. Be sure to click Save Changes on each page in the lower-right corner and click Apply Changes when you're ready to make an update. And if you ever want to go back to your stock firmware, download it from your router manufacturer and then upload it on the System, Upgrade page.
The modular nature of X-Wrt permits you to add and remove specific features. Click System, Packages to browse through other upgrade packages that you can add to the router. You don't have to use any of them, but their presence means that you might never outgrow your router.

5 Easy Hacks for Your PC and Wi-Fi Network page2

Zack Stern, PC World
Sep 19, 2008 6:28 am

Overclock Your Graphics Board

Difficulty: Easy
Time: 60 minutes

ATI and nVidia each offer free tools to overclock some of their higher-end video cards. This tweak doesn't require any BIOS tuning and can boost your system's graphics performance. Gamers will see smoother video as a result of the faster speed. Update your graphics board's drivers before you begin.

In the nVidia Control Panel, click Device settings under Performance. Click GPU, select Custom, and raise the clock speed by moving the slider, testing the results each time for glitches.
For ATI cards, launch the Catalyst Control Panel. Click Auto-Tune in the Overdrive section. This option gradually increases the clock speed and tests each one in sequence. When it detects instability, it backs off, settling on the previous rate.

Save Energy by Underclocking Your PC

Difficulty: Easy
Time: 20 minutes

I like getting faster performance out of a system for free, but two compelling advantages can make underclocking your hardware an even better idea: energy savings and heat reduction. Sure, the energy savings is small, but it could make a real difference if everyone did it. You might also underclock a system for a home theater, where silent systems are ideal; a slower CPU means lower temperatures, and that translates into quieter fans.

To underclock your system, follow the overclocking tips discussed on the previous page, but reduce your chip's speed rather than increasing it. Or visit the Power Options control panel in Windows and change the advanced settings. Click Processor power management, and click the minimum and maximum processor states to change their value. Set the values from 5% to 100% in order to let the CPU speed up when needed, or play with a lower maximum if you use the PC primarily for e-mail and other basic tasks.

Boost Your Wi-Fi Network's Range With an Antenna Add-On

Difficulty: Easy
Time: 45 minutes

Fitting a simple, passive, parabolic reflector around your wireless antenna can focus the signal exactly where you want it. Your network will reach farther, and the addition can even improve your network security.

Download Parabola Calculator to help you figure out the correct antenna shape. Enter a diameter and depth to represent the maximum size of reflector that your router's antenna(s) can physically accommodate. The software will create a table of points for you to plot onto graph paper. Cut out the inside of the parabola shape on two pieces of cardboard. Then cut a smooth piece of metal to serve as the reflector. Curve the metal into a U-shape around the guides, and glue it in place. Cut small holes into the guides at the focal point, and mount the reflector

prev page 2 of 3 Next>>

5 Easy Hacks for Your PC and Wi-Fi Network

Zack Stern, PC World
Sep 19, 2008 6:28 am

Hacking isn't just for geeks anymore. In this era of ubiquitous gadgetry and free information, anyone with a screwdriver can do a little unauthorized tinkering. Sure, the word hacking has negative connotations. But hacking is really about being a do-it-yourselfer. That means opening a Web browser rather than your wallet to get more functionality from the products you own.
Without spending a dime, you can boost your processor's speed, give your graphics card a performance boost, increase your Wi-Fi range, or add sophisticated features to your old router. You can even beat the rising cost of energy by underclocking your CPU to a more modest, power-saving level.

For other great hacks that will help you get more out of the tech you already own, check out "5 Cool Hacks for Your Entertainment Gadgets" and "6 Hacks for Your Mobile Gear."

Overclock Your System's CPU

Difficulty: Moderate
Time: 10 minutes to an afternoon

With a bit of effort, you may be able to ratchet up your system's speed by 10 percent or more. Most CPUs ship with clock speeds set below their maximum possible settings, and they often provide a method for increasing that speed. Overclocking isn't very dangerous to your PC or difficult to do, but it'll likely void your warranty.

While some off-the-shelf PCs can be overclocked, many can't; give yours a shot to see if it can. If your PC supports overclocking, you can bump up the speed in minutes. But to obtain the best performance and stability, set aside an afternoon to test different settings.

Begin by gathering information. Look up your motherboard model, download its manual, and update its BIOS to the latest version. The maker of your motherboard likely offers an overclocking utility that you can run within Windows, but if you choose this method, the utility may need to launch within Windows upon every boot. Alternatively you can adjust settings directly in the BIOS; this approach will keep the system tuned until you change the settings again.

Next, figure out how to access the BIOS and reset the machine to its default configuration if the upgrade becomes unstable (symptoms of which include application crashes and system freezes). Typically you enter the BIOS settings by pressing Delete or F1 as the system is booting; the PC's splash screen will likely prompt you. A reset, however, might require physically changing a jumper switch or pressing a button on the motherboard. Don't proceed without discovering this escape route; otherwise, you could lock up the computer without knowing how to get back to the BIOS.

Additionally, research your CPU model online--you will likely find its part number listed in the BIOS--and record the temperature range that it supports. Successful overclocking requires that you compromise between performance and heat; if the CPU grows too hot, the PC will crash. Check the temperature in the BIOS as you progress.

Sometimes the BIOS can overclock the CPU dynamically for you, through an 'AI' mode. If you have this option, it's all you need to use. But in most cases you tweak the CPU speed by ad­­justing the frontside-bus speed settings. Within the BIOS, raise that value by 5-MHz or 10-MHz increments, save the changes, and then reboot.

If your PC fails to boot completely--that is, into Windows--go back into the BIOS and return the bus speed to the previous setting. If it does boot successfully, restart it and repeat the process, incrementally raising the bus speed again. After you've made a few increases, run Prime95 for about a half-hour to exercise the CPU. If the system remains stable as this prime-number-generating software taxes the processor, continue to raise the frontside-bus speed slowly.
If you notice performance problems and crashes, or if the CPU becomes too hot, back off the speed until you discover a stable setting. Consider upgrading your CPU's heat sink to keep it cool; a heftier heat sink can allow you to raise the bus speed a bit more.

page 1 of 3 Next>>

Apple Attacks Psystar's Antitrust Claim

Gregg Keizer, Computerworld
Oct 2, 2008 11:30 pm

Apple Inc. has asked a federal judge to dismiss the countersuit of Mac clone maker Psystar Corp., saying that the company's claim that Apple is a monopoly is "deeply flawed," court documents made public today say.

The motion, filed under deadline yesterday, asked U.S. District Court Judge William Alsup to dismiss the lawsuit Psystar submitted in late August that charged Apple with restraint of trade, unfair competition and other violations of antitrust law.

Key to Psystar's argument was its contention that Apple enjoys "monopoly power" from the licensing link it has created between its Mac hardware and Mac OS X operating system.
Apple's lawyers scoffed at the idea. "In an obvious attempt to divert attention from its unlawful actions, Psystar asserts deeply flawed antitrust counterclaims designed to have this Court force Apple to license its software to Psystar, a direct competitor," Apple said in the motion filed Tuesday.

"Ignoring fundamental principles of antitrust law, and the realities of the marketplace, Psystar contends that Apple has unlawfully monopolized an alleged market that consists of only one product, the Macintosh computer," Apple said.

The motion repeatedly hammered the point that companies cannot be forced to help rivals, as it said Psystar had demanded.

"The ultimate goal of Psystar's Counterclaims is an order from this Court compelling Apple to help competitors, like Psystar, by forcing Apple to license its proprietary software to those competitors for use on their own computer hardware," said Apple. "Neither the federal nor the state antitrust laws require competitors to stop competing with, and instead to start helping, each other."

Later in the motion, Apple returned to that theme. "Psystar seeks to force Apple to license its software to competitors, like Psystar, so they can use Mac OS to create Mac 'clones'," Apple said. "However, one of the bedrock principles of antitrust law is that a manufacturer's unilateral decision concerning how to distribute its product and with whom it will deal cannot violate the Sherman [Antitrust] Act."

Apple also argued that it does not have a monopoly, and instead cast rival Microsoft Corp. as the big gorilla. "Psystar cannot allege Apple has monopoly power in either a PC operating systems market or a personal computer market since Microsoft's Windows has market power in those markets," said Apple.

This week's motion to dismiss stemmed from the lawsuit Apple filed in July accusing Doral, Fla.-based Psystar with copyright and software licensing violations. Apple said that Psystar, which had been installing Mac OS X since April, was breaking Apple's end-user licensing agreement (EULA). That agreement expressly forbids users from installing the software on hardware not sold by Apple. "You agree not to install, use or run the Apple software on any non-Apple-labeled computer, or to enable others to do so," Apple's EULA (end-user license agreement) reads.
In its July lawsuit, Apple demanded that Psystar stop the practice, and be forced to recall all Mac OS X-powered machines it had already sold. If it lost the case, one noted intellectual property attorney said, Psystar would likely be run out of business.

When Psystar first started selling clones, it struck a combative tone, promising to go the legal mat if necessary to defend its right to sell systems with Mac OS X 10.5, or Leopard, preinstalled.
Psystar continues to sell Mac clone desktop and server systems at prices starting at $554.99. In August, when his lawyers announced the countersuit, Rudy Pedraza, president and co-founder of Psystar, also said the company was working on a notebook that would run Mac OS X.
Apple's motion is scheduled to be heard by Judge Alsup on or after Nov. 6.

Permanently Set Startup Disk at Boot Time

Rob Griffiths, Macworld.com
Oct 8, 2008 1:40 am

If your Mac has multiple bootable disks--via either a partitioned internal disk or external FireWire drives--you're probably very familiar with the Startup Disk System Preferences panel. As you'd guess from its name, this panel controls which of your bootable volumes is used when you boot your Mac. You're probably also familiar with the Startup Manager, which appears if you hold down the Option key during startup. The Startup Manager allows you to override the default boot disk and choose another to boot from for the current session--but doing this won't change the default boot disk.

But what if you want to permanently start booting from the selected volume? Typically, you'd let the Mac boot from your chosen disk, then go into the Startup Disk System Preferences panel and set that same disk as the startup disk. Here's a shortcut that may (or may not) work for you, depending on which particular Mac you own. Boot your machine with the Option key down to invoke the Startup Manager, then hold down the Control key prior to clicking on a volume to boot. (You may have to use the left and right arrow keys to select a volume first.)

If this trick is supported on your Mac, you'll notice that upward-pointing arrow--the one that points to the selected disk--will change into a circular arrow instead, indicating that the chosen disk will not only be used to start your Mac this time, but that it will also become the default boot disk. I tested this on my 2006 MacBook Pro, and it did not work. It did, however, work on our 2008 20-inch iMac. It's also known to work on the MacBook Air, and probably any other recent Mac. If you've got a multi-disk-bootable Mac, give it a try and see if it works for you--if it does, it can be a nice little timesaver for those times you'd like to permanently change the startup disk.


For more Macintosh computing news, visit Macworld. Story copyright © 2007 Mac Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Theory And Design Of Electronic Circuits

Description: 493 page text on basic circuit theory.
Author(s): Tait, Eugenio Maximo
Type: Book
Format: PDF

ReviewText: The table of contents includes:

• Generalities
• Polarization of components
• Dissipator of heat
• Inductors of small value
• Transformers of small value
• Inductors and Transformers of great value
• Power supply without stabilizing
• Power supply stabilized
• Amplification of Audiofrequency in low level class A
• Amplification of Audiofrecuenciy on high level classes A and B
• Amplification of Radiofrecuency in low level class A
• Amplification of Radiofrecuency in low level class C
• Amplifiers of Continuous
• Harmonic oscillators
• Relaxation oscillators
• Makers of waves
• The Transistor in the commutation
• Multivibrators
• Combinationals and Sequentials
• Passive networks as adapters of impedance
• Passive networks as filters of frequency
• Active networks as filters of frequency and displaced of phase
• Amplitude Modulation
• Demodulacin of Amplitude
• Modulation of Angle
• Demodulation of Angle
• Heterodyne receivers
• Lines of Transmission
• Antennas and Propagation
• Electric and Electromechanical installations
• Control of Power
• Introduction to the Theory of the Control
• Discreet and Retained signals
• Variables of State in a System
• Stability in Systems
• Feedback of the State in a System
• Estimate of the State in a System
• Controllers of the State in a System

Digital Electronics lecture

bài giảng Điện tử số - Trường ĐH Bách khoa Hà nội

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Complete PCB design using orcad capture and layout

By: Kraig Mitzner, Consultant, Silverdale, WA, USA

Description

This book provides instruction on how to use the OrCAD design suite to design and manufacture printed circuit boards. The book is written for both students and practicing engineers who need a quick tutorial on how to use the software and who need in-depth knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the software package. There are two goals the book aims to reach: The primary goal is to show the reader how to design a PCB using OrCAD Capture and OrCAD Layout. Capture is used to build the schematic diagram of the circuit, and Layout is used to design the circuit board so that it can be manufactured. The secondary goal is to show the reader how to add PSpice simulation capabilities to the design, and how to develop custom schematic parts, footprints and PSpice models. Often times separate designs are produced for documentation, simulation and board fabrication. This book shows how to perform all three functions from the same schematic design. This approach saves time and money and ensures continuity between the design and the manufactured product.

Audience

PRIMARY: Electrical engineers; printed circuit board design engineers. These designers work in numerous industries, given how many devices incorporate PCBs. SECONDARY: Some possibility for upside in academic market, by working with the OrCAD var, EMA Design Automation.

Contents

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO CAD AND PCB FABRICATION COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND THE ORCAD DESIGN SUITE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD FABRICATION PCB cores and layer stack-up PCB fabrication process Photolithography and chemical etching Mechanical milling Layer registration FUNCTION OF ORCAD LAYOUT IN THE PCB DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN FILES CREATED BY LAYOUT Layout format files (.MAX) Post process (Gerber) files PCB assembly layers and files CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE PCB DESIGN FLOW BY EXAMPLE OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN FLOW CREATING A CIRCUIT DESIGN WITH CAPTURE Starting a New Project Placing Parts Wiring (Connecting) the Parts Creating the Layout Netlist in Capture DESIGNING THE PCB WITH LAYOUT Starting Layout and Importing the Netlist Making a Board Outline Placing the Parts Autorouting the Board Manual Routing Clean-up Locking Traces Performing a Design Rule Check (DRC) Post Processing the Board Design for Manufacturing CHAPTER 3. PROJECT STRUCTURES AND THE LAYOUT TOOLSET PROJECT SETUP AND SCHEMATIC ENTRY DETAILS Capture Projects Explained Capture Part Libraries explained UNDERSTANDING THE LAYOUT ENVIRONMENT AND TOOLSET Board Technology Files The AutoECO Utility The Session Frame and Design Windows The Tool Bar Controlling the Autorouter Post Processing and Layer Details CHAPTER 4. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY STANDARDS 85 INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS Institute for Printed Circuits (IPC) Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) International Engineering Consortium (IEC) Military Standards (MIL-STD) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CLASSES AND TYPES OF PCBS Performance Classes Producibility Levels Fabrication types and Assembly subclasses OrCAD Layout Design Domplexity Levels?IPC Performance Classes 93 IPC Land Pattern Density Levels INTRODUCTION TO STANDARD FABRICATION ALLOWANCES (SFA) Registration tolerances Breakout and annular ring control PCB DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES Standard panel sizes Tooling area allowances and effective panel usage Standard Finished PCB Thickness Core Thickness Prepreg Thickness Copper thickness for PTHs and vias Copper cladding/foil thickness COPPER TRACE AND ETCHING TOLERANCES STANDARD HOLE DIMENSIONS Aspect ratio (hole size to PCB thickness) SOLDERMASK TOLERANCE CHAPTER 5. PCB DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURABILITY INTRODUCTION TO PCB ASSEMBLY AND SOLDERING PROCESSES ASSEMBLY PROCESSES Manual Assembly Processes Automated Assembly Processes (Pick and Place) SOLDERING PROCESSES Manual Soldering Wave Soldering Reflow Soldering COMPONENT PLACEMENT AND ORIENTATION GUIDE General Considerations COMPONENT SPACING FOR THROUGH-HOLE DEVICES (THDS) Discrete THDs Integrated circuit through-hole devices Mixed discrete and IC through-hole devices Holes and jumper wires COMPONENT SPACING FOR SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES (SMDS) Discrete SMDs Integrated circuit SMDs Mixed discrete and IC SMDs MIXED THD AND SMD SPACING REQUIREMENTS FOOTPRINT AND PADSTACK DESIGN FOR PCB MANUFACTURABILITY LAND PATTERNS FOR SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES (SMD) SMD Padstack Design SMD Footprint Design LAND PATTERNS FOR THROUGH-HOLE DEVICES (THD) Footprint design for through-hole devices Padstack design for through-hole devices Hole to lead ratio PTH land dimension (annular ring width) Clearance between Plane layers and PTHs Soldermask and solder paste dimensions CHAPTER 6. PCB DESIGN FOR SIGNAL INTEGRITY CIRCUIT DESIGN ISSUES VS. PCB DESIGN ISSUES Noise Distortion Frequency response ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND CROSSTALK Magnetic fields and inductive coupling Loop inductance Electric fields and Capacitive Coupling GROUND PLANES, AND GROUND BOUNCE What ground is and what it is not Ground (return) planes PCB ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Impedance ReflectionsRinging Electrically long traces Critical length Transmission line terminations PCB ROUTING TOPICS Parts placement for Electrical considerations PCB layer stackup Bypass capacitors and fanout Trace width for current carrying capability Trace width for characteristic impedance Trace spacing for Voltage withstanding Trace spacing to minimize crosstalk (3-W Rule) Traces with acute and 90? angles CHAPTER 7. MAKING AND EDITING CAPTURE PARTS THE CAPTURE PART LIBRARIES TYPES OF PACKAGING Homogeneous parts Heterogeneous Parts PINS PART EDITING TOOLS The Select Tool and Settings The Pin Tools The Graphics Tools The Zoom Tools CONSTRUCTING CAPTURE PARTS Methods of constructing new parts: METHOD 1: CONSTRUCTING PARTS USING THE NEW PART OPTION (DESIGN MENU) Design example for a passive, homogeneous part Design example for an active, multi-part, homogeneous component Assigning power pin visibility Design example for a passive, heterogeneous part METHOD 2: CONSTRUCTING PARTS WITH CAPTURE USING THE DESIGN SPREADSHEET METHOD 3: CONSTRUCTING PARTS USING GENERATE PART FROM THE TOOLS MENU METHOD 4: GENERATING PARTS WITH THE PSPICE MODEL EDITOR Making and/or obtaining new PSpice libraries for making new Capture parts Download libraries and/or models from the internet. Making a Capture part from a Capture schematic design Adding PSpice templates (models) to pre-existing Capture parts CONSTRUCTING CAPTURE SYMOBLS CHAPTER 8. MAKING AND EDITING LAYOUT FOOTPRINTS INTRODUCTION TO THE LIBRARY MANGER INTRODUCTION LAYOUT?S FOOTPRINT LIBRARIES AND NAMING CONVENTIONS Layout?s footprint libraries Naming conventions THE COMPOSITION OF FOOTPRINTS Padstacks Obstacles Text Datums and insertion origins THE BASIC FOOTPRINT DESIGN PROCESS WORKING WITH PADSTACKS Accessing existing padstacks Editing padstack properties from the spreadsheet Saving footprints and padstacks FOOTPRINT DESIGN EXAMPLES Design example 1: A surface mount footprint design Design example2: A modified through-hole footprint design example USING THE PAD ARRAY GENERATOR Introduction Footprint Design for pin grid arrays (PGA) Footprint Design for ball grid arrays (BGA) Blind, buried, and micro vias Mounting holes Printing a Catalog of a footprint library CHAPTER 9. PCB DESIGN EXAMPLES OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN FLOWEXAMPLE 1: DUAL POWER SUPPLY, ANALOG DESIGN Initial design concept and preparation PROJECT SETUP AND DESIGN IN CAPTURE Setting up the project Drawing the schematic with Capture Placing parts Connect parts with wires (signal nets) Making power and ground connections Preparing the design for Layout Grouping related components. Annotation Performing a schematic DRC in Capture Generating the Layout netlist (.MNL) DEFINING THE BOARD REQUIREMENTS Specifying packaging and assembly requirements Defining the layer stack-up Determining trace width Determining trace spacing requirements Choosing a technology file (.TCH) Choosing a strategy file (.SF) IMPORTING THE DESIGN INTO LAYOUT SETTING UP THE BOARD Making a board outline Adding mounting holes Adding dimension measurements Placing parts Finding parts Placing parts in the queue Inter-tool communication Setting up the layers Converting a Routing layer to a PLANE Layer Adding additional PLANE Layers Assigning Nets to layers Specifying vias for fanouts PRE-ROUTING THE BOARD Fanning out power and ground Fanning out power and ground Changing colors of nets Manually routing fanouts Moving and unrouting fanouts Using free vias Locking traces Viewing DRC errors Changing padstack properties AUTOROUTING THE BOARD Controlling the route box Loading and editing a routing strategy file Running the Autorouter FINALIZING THE DESIGN Post-routing inspection Checking routing statistics Synchronizing the design with Capture (Back Annotation) EXAMPLE 2: MIXED ANALOG/DIGITAL DESIGN USING SPLIT POWER, GROUND PLANES Mixed signal circuit design in Capture. Power and Ground connections to Digital and Analog parts Connecting separate Analog and Digital grounds to a split plane Using Busses for digital nets Defining the layer stack-up for split planes Establishing a primary power plane Creating split ground planes Creating nested power planes with copper pours Using anti-copper on plane layers Setting up and running the Autorouter Moving a routed trace to a different layer Adding ground planes and guard traces to routing layers Defining vias for flood planes/pours Setting the copper pour spacing Stitching a ground plane manually Using anit-copper obstacles on copper pours Routing guard traces and rings EXAMPLE 3: MULTI-PAGE, MULTI POWER AND GROUND, MIXED A/D DESIGN Project setup for PSpice simulation and Layout Adding schematic pages to the design Using off-page connectors with wires Using off-page connectors with busses Setting up multiple ground systems Settin up PSpice sources Performing PSpice simulations Preparing the simulated project for Layout Assigning a new technology file Placing parts on the bottom (back) of a board Layer stack-up for a multi-ground system Net-layer assignments Through-hole and blind Via setup Fanning out a board with multiple vias Overriding known errors in Layout Autorouting with the DRC/Route Box Using forced thermals to connect ground planes Using the AutoECO to update a board from Capture EXAMPLE 4: HIGH-SPEED DIGITAL DESIGN Layer setup for microstrip transmission lines Via design for heat spreaders Constructing a heat spreader with copper area obstacles Using free vias as heat pipes Determining critical trace length of transmission lines Routing controlled impedance traces Moated ground areas for clock circuits Routing curved traces Gate and pin swapping Stitching a ground plane with the free via matrix MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS Fixing Bad Pad exits Design cache?Cleanup, Replace, Update Adding test points Types of AutoECOs Making a custom Capture template Making a custom Layout technology/template file Using the Stackup Editor Submitting Stackup Drawings with Gerber files Adding Solder thieves Printing a footprint catalog from a PCB design CHAPTER 10. POST PROCESSING AND BOARD FABRICATION THE CIRCUIT DESIGN WITH ORCAD Schematic design in Capture The board design with Layout Post processing the design with Layout FABRICATING THE BOARD Choosing a board house Setting up a user account Submitting Gerber files and requesting a quote Annotating the layer types and stackup Receipt inspection and testing9 Non-standard Gerber files9 CHAPTER 11. ADDITIONAL TOOLS USING PSPICE TO SIMULATE TRANSMISSION LINES Simulating digital transmission lines Simulating Analog signals USING MICROSOFT EXCEL WITH A BILL OF MATERIALS GENERATED BY CAPTURE USING THE SPECCTRA AUTOROUTER WITH LAYOUT INTRODUCTION TO GERBTOOL Opening a Layout generated Gerber file with GerbTool Making a .DRL file for a CNC machine Panelization USING CAD TOOLS TO 3-D MODEL A PCB

PCB design using orcad capture and layout.part1
PCB design using orcad capture and layout.part2
PCB design using orcad capture and layout.part3
PCB design using orcad capture and layout.part4

Switch-Mode Power Supplies Spice Simulations and Practical Designs

Switch-Mode Power Supplies: SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs
by: Christophe Basso

"Switch Mode Power Supplies: SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs" offers a theoretical study of power conversion in the DC-DC and AC-DC fields via a systematic equation-based approach. Then, capitalizing on the experience accumulated by the author, the book takes you by the hand and shows how SPICE can help you to design Flyback and Forward converters, as well as power factor correctors, all with real world examples that are a perfect complement to the AEi Systems Power IC Model Library for PSpice.The book starts with small-signal analysis using new auto-toggling average models specifically developed for this publication, and advances to practical implementation with more than 10 design examples.The 800 page book can be seen as a design companion for the practicing engineer and as an in-depth tutorial introduction to power conversion design for students and new comers to this field.The CDROM found with the book contains some of the most popular demonstration versions of currently available simulation software. Some of the examples found in the book are made available in OrCAD, IsSpice and other formats such as MicroCap, TINA, Multisim, B2 Spice, and 5Spice. There are also demos for ICAPS, MicroCap, TINA, PSIM, and others.

About the Author

Christophe Basso works as an Application Manager at ON Semiconductor in Toulouse, France. His field of expertise includes switch-mode power supplies in both the AC-DC and DC-DC areas. He has been at the origin of numerous pulse width modulator controllers including the NCP120X series which has set new standards in standby power for offline power supplies. SPICE simulations are also a strong part of his knowledge and he has authored a book in 2001, "Switch-Mode Power Supply SPICE Cookbook" published by McGraw-Hill.

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Circuit for the EVIL GENIUS

Giao_trinh_hop_ngu_-_Assembly

this is link to download book:

AC/DC switch mode power supply

link to download the book: click here
if this link is broken, please contact me by sending mail to nguyenbinh.ad@gmail.com

Microcontroller 8051

Cuốn sách viết về vi điều khiển Intel 8051. Đây là tài liệu rất hữu ích cho các bạn SV Điện, Điện tử

Learn to use Proteus

da^y la` nhu~ng ba`i ta^p de^? re`n luyen ky nang su? du.ng Proteus

Proteus_bai1.pdf
Proteus_bai2.pdf
Proteus_bai3.pdf
Proteus_bai4.pdf
Proteus_bai5.pdf
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Proteus_bai7.pdf

Windowns Vista Ultimate (No serial Needed + Activated)

Windows Vista Features:

Windows Aero, Windows Flip 3D navigation, Scheduled and Network Backup, Windows Meeting Space, and Tablet Technology are available in Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, and Windows Vista Ultimate.

Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption and Complete PC Backup and Restore are available in Windows Vista Ultimate.

Not all Windows Vista features will be available for use on all Windows Vista Capable PCs. All Windows Vista Capable PCs upgraded to Windows Vista will be able to run the core experiences of Windows Vista, such as innovations in organizing and finding information, security, and reliability. Some features—such as the new Windows Aero user interface—available in certain editions of Windows Vista require advanced or additional hardware.

Domain Join, Group Policy support, Windows Fax and Scan, Encrypting File System (EFS), Shadow Copy, Corporate Roaming, Offline Files and Folders, and Remote Desktop are available in Windows Vista Business and Windows Vista Ultimate.

Premium Windows Vista games, such as Chess Titans, Mahjong Titans, Purble Place, and Inkball, are available in Windows Vista Home Premium and Windows Vista Ultimate.

Internet service provider subscription or other service fees may apply.

Editions of Windows Vista designated as 'N' or 'KN' versions includes the same functionality as the corresponding standard Windows Vista editions, except that they do not include Windows Media Player and related technologies such as Windows Movie Maker. You will need to separately install a media player in order to play or create audio CDs, media files, or personal videos; organize media library content; create playlists; transfer media to portable media players; share photos on a home network; or perform other media player-related tasks.

The ability to use the Multilingual User Interface feature to deploy a single worldwide image with all Windows user interface languages is available only in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions. See TechNet for details.

Windows Media Center is available in Windows Vista Home Premium and Windows Vista Ultimate. TV playback and recording features require an integrated or external USB TV tuner. Supports up to two TV tuners in all supported regions subject to Windows Vista compatibility with local TV standards; additional DTV/HDTV tuner support is available in the U.S. and South Korea with compatible hardware. To enjoy all the benefits of Windows Media Center, Internet access is recommended; for some features, such as the Microsoft Electronic Programming Guide, it is required. Internet service provider subscription or other service fees may apply. Microsoft Electronic Programming Guide is not available in all regions or countries. DVD burning, TV features, and remote control support may vary by manufacturer and/or require additional purchases. Support for the Media Center Extender or Xbox 360 will require a wired or wireless home network and additional compatible networking equipment.

Additional compatible networking equipment may be required to set up or access a wired or wireless home network.

Some Windows Live OneCare services are not available in all markets. See the Windows Live OneCare website for complete details and offer availability.

PC-to-phone calling is a pay service provided by third-party web calling provider, where available.

Scheduled and Network Backup is available in Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, and Windows Vista Ultimate.

Windows SideShow is available in Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, Windows Vista Enterprise, and Windows Vista Ultimate.

Windows DVD Maker, HD support for Windows Movie Maker, Chess Titans, and Mahjong Titans are available in Windows Vista Home Premium and Windows Vista Ultimate.

Requires a microphone and speakers or headset (webcam and broadband connection for video).

Windowns Vista Ultimate.01
Windowns Vista Ultimate.02
Windowns Vista Ultimate.03
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Computer Hardware Lecture

[Vietnamese] Tuyển tập bài giảng về toàn bộ phần cứng của máy vi tính
link to download lectures:

Hardware lectures 01 Hardware lectures 02 Hardware lectures 03 Hardware lectures 04 Hardware lectures 05 Hardware lectures 06 Hardware lectures 07 Hardware lectures 08 Hardware lectures 09

Hardware lectures 10 Hardware lectures 11 Hardware lectures 12 Hardware lectures 13 Hardware lectures 14 Hardware lectures 15 Hardware lectures 16 Hardware lectures 17 Hardware lectures 18

Basic English for Computing

English level: Elementary to Pre-Intermediate
Author: Eric H. Glendinning and John McEwan
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Description :

A fully revised and updated edition of this popular low-level course.

Who is it for?

Vocational students in universities, colleges, and technical schools. Computing professionals who need to upgrade their knowledge of English.

Key features

A topic-centred course that covers key computing functions and develops learners' competence in all four skills. Graded specialist content combined with key grammar, functional language, and subject-specific lexis. Simple, authentic texts and diagrams present up-to-date computing content in an accessible way. Tasks encourage learners to combine their subject knowledge with their growing knowledge of English. Glossary of current computing terms, abbreviations, and symbols. Teacher's Book provides full support for the non-specialist, with background information on computing content, and answer key.

[Vietnamese] Sách tiếng Anh trong lĩnh vực tin học

Administering CISCO QoS in IP Networks

Book Info:

(Syngress Media) Discusses IP Quality of Service (QoS), how it applies to Enterprise and Internet Service Provider (ISP) environments, and which routing protocols and QoS mechanisms are available on Cisco system today. Offers examples, exercises, and other skill-building features, emphasizing a hands-on experience for the reader. Softcover.

Book Description

AVVID (Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data), the latest development from Cisco Systems is redefining the way businesses communicate. AVVID allows businesses to transmit voice, data, and video over a single integrated architecture, whereas in the past three separate systems were required. Administering Cisco AVVID Applications is a professional reference detailing the strategies, tactics, and methods for utilizing Cisco software to configure and maintain Cisco networks and hardware infrastructures. It includes thorough discussions of critical topics such as, Cisco CallManager Version 3.0, Cisco Unified Open Network Exchange 4.1E (uOne), WebLine and GeoTel product software, Cisco QoS Policy Manger 1.1 as well as many other QoS features, and Cisco IOS network-wide software.

• Allows IP professional to get ahead in this growing field
• Demand for engineers and administrators who understand the specifics of the Cisco AVVID is growing quickly - this book has the answers

[Vietnamese] Tài liệu luyện thi và thực hành chứng chỉ Cisco dài 561 trang. Sách được viết bằng tiếng Anh dung lượng 3.8 Mb

802.11 Wireless Networks

Description:

As a network administrator, architect, or security professional, you need to understand the capabilities, limitations, and risks associated with integrating wireless LAN technology into your current infrastructure. 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide provides all the information necessary to analyze and deploy wireless networks with confidence. Over the past five years, the world has become increasingly mobile. Traditional ways of networking have altered to accommodate new lifestyles and ways of working. Wireless networks offer several advantages over fixed (or wired) networks, with mobility, flexibility, ease and speed of deployment, and low-cost at the top of the list. Large productivity gains are possible when developers, students, and professionals are able to access data on the move. Ad-hoc meetings in the lunch room, library, or across the street in the café allow you to develop ideas collaboratively and act on them right away. Wireless networks are typically very flexible, which can translate into rapid deployment. Once the infrastructure is in place, adding new users is just a matter of authorization. After a general introduction to wireless networks, this practical book moves quickly into the gory details of the 802.11 standard. If you ever need to debug a wireless network that isn't working properly, you'd better understand this material. 802.11 MAC (Media Access Control), detailed 802.11 framing, WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy protocol), 802.1x, management operations, and the PCF (point coordination function) are all covered in detail. Author Matthew Gast also supplies impressive detail on the physical layers. As for getting a wireless network up and running... Gast offers clear, no-nonsense guide for using 802.11 on Windows and Linux, using and selecting access points, making deployment considerations, and seeing to 802.11 network monitoring and performance tuning. In the final section of the book, he summarizes the standardization work pending in the 802.11 working group. If you're looking for one book that provides a full spectrum view of 802.11, from the minute details of the specification, to deployment, monitoring, and troubleshooting, 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide is worth its weight in gold.

[Vietnamese] Sách về giao thức mạng không dây 802.11. Sách tiếng Anh rất hay

click đây để download

Visual Basic .NET

Sách viết bằng tiếng Việt. Cuốn sách chứa đựng nhiều kiến thức bổ ích về lập trình VB .NET

link to download the book

English for Information Technology

Publisher: Oxford University Press
USA English
Pages: 225

Size: 16 MB

Superb Ebook–> This is an easy-to-use course for students specializing in computing and information technology

Description

This text offers 25 topic-based units, each covering a key area of IT. There is a variety of texts and visual material, taken from textbooks, newspapers, computing magazines, web pages, manuals, and advertisements. The course revises and practises grammar and functions appropriate to the needs of IT specialists at intermediate level, developing all four skills, with the main emphasis on reading. Most units end with longer specialist reading texts. These are intentionally challenging, and can be used either for homework or self-study. The tasks - such as writing, exchanging information, and problem solving - encourage learners to combine their subject knowledge with their growing knowledge of English.

link to dowload the book:

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Hi there!

on this "Technology page", you can download all the book about electronics, electrical, ìnformatics..etc.